Ultrasound Standing Wave Field Technology for Cell Patterning and Microvessel Network Formation in Vitro and in Situ

” The field of tissue engineering holds terrific pledge to regenerate or repair infected and broken tissues. The fabrication of thick, three-dimensional (3D) tissues is currently restricted by the need for perfused microvascular networks to volumetrically provide tissues with nutrients and oxygen. Current efforts to engineer microvascular networks have disadvantages including the inability to manage vessel morphology, a restricted potential for volumetric scale up, or incompatibility for translation in vivo. The research study reported in this thesis developed ultrasound standing wave field (USWF) technologies to volumetrically pattern cells in 3D collagen gels for the fabrication of microvascular networks in vitro and in situ. USWF cell pattern specifications were shown to affect preliminary 3D endothelial cell patterning, and consequently, the resultant microvascular network morphology in vitro. USWFs were also employed to co-pattern endothelial and smooth muscle cell types to direct microvascular network morphology, boost network practicality, and promote the formation of mural cell-invested microvessels. Additionally, novel USWF exposure systems were constructed to demonstrate the expediency of patterning particles and cells for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications in vivo. USWF cell pattern has excellent capability to produce vascularized microphysiological systems in vitro, as well as promote tissue regrowth in vivo. More advancement of USWF cell patterning technologies would provide noninvasive, quick, and transformative treatments for the field of tissue engineering.”– Page xi.

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