Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBO2) is an extensively accepted adjuvant treatment in various health conditions that exhibit impaired tissue blood flow. At high pressures, the shipment of the dissolved oxygen in plasma is boosted, which contributes to much better tissue oxygenation, cellular metabolic process and eventually, healing. This is not the only useful outcome of HBO2 treatment because oxygen is an extremely reactive molecule and can induce upregulation of many enzymatic systems in the cell at the cellular, hereditary and molecular level. Particularly, vascular/endothelial function is affected by the HBO2. Our understanding of these mechanisms is still emerging. There have been lots of debates associated with the HBO2 protocols and signs. As showing recipient impacts on the tissue perfusion, it is understood that HBO2 shows high toxicity at greater pressures, due to increased oxidative stress and barotrauma. On the other hand, there is an absence of translation of the understanding on the systems of action of HBO2 acquired from the experimental research to the medical practice. Hence, this book provides the reader with an introduction of the existing understanding on the mechanisms of HBO2 impacts in various speculative models and scientific treatment protocols, in an effort to supply a much better understanding of how and when HBO2 must be utilized as a reliable therapy without unwanted adverse effects.
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