Hydronephrosis brief talk for medical, BPT and BMRIT students.

Hydronephrosis is defined as aseptic dilatation of pelvi-calyceal system of kidney due to obstruction of outflow of urine.
The obstruction may be of :-
Acute onset.
Chronic onset.
It may be a partial or complete obstruction which again may be unilateral or bilateral.
Hydronephrosis occurs due to following.
1.Extramural causes like tumour compression and Retroperitioneal fibrosis.
2. Intramural due to PUJ obstruction, stricture ureter and growth.
3. Intraluminal due to stone, necrosis of papilla.
Bilateral Hydronephrosis occurs due to bladder tumours, prostatic enlargement and malignancy, posterior urethral valves in children, tight phimosis, stricture urethra and bladder neck obstruction.
Investigations.
Ultrasound.
CT
IVU and RGU.
KFT
DTPA scan. (Diethylene Triamine Penta Acetic Acid scan)
Whitaker’s test.
Treatment is as per cause.
For PUJ obstruction Anderson Hynes op
and balloon dilatation of the stricture may help.
If the kidney function is less than 20 percent, nephrectomy may be advised.

https://ultrasoundclass.org/hydronephrosis-brief-talk-for-medical-bpt-and-bmrit-students/